ALLOPATHIC Interview Questions and Answers pdf :-
1) Explain three types of standard treatment are used?
Surgery: Surgery is used, when possible, to treat adult brain tumor, as described in the Description section of this summary.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy) . When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy) . A dissolving wafer may be used to deliver an anticancer drug directly into the brain tumor site after the tumor has been removed by surgery. The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
2) How are adult brain tumors treated?
Different types of treatment are available for patients with adult brain tumor. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment) , and some are being tested in clinical trials. Before starting treatment, patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.
3) Explain Metastatic Brain Tumors?
Treatment of a single metastatic brain tumor is usually surgery followed by radiation therapy to the brain.
Treatment of more than one metastatic brain tumor may include the following:
Radiation therapy to the brain.
Surgery, for large tumors that are pressing on areas of the brain and causing symptoms.
4) Explain Recurrent Adult Brain Tumor?
Treatment of recurrent adult brain tumors may include the following:
Surgery with or without chemotherapy.
Radiation therapy, if not used during previous treatment, with or without chemotherapy.
Internal radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy placed into the brain during surgery.
A clinical trial of biologic therapy.
5) Explain Pituitary Tumors?
Surgery with or without radiation therapy. Sometimes special drugs other than chemotherapy may be used to control symptoms from these tumors.
6) Explain Craniopharyngioma?
Treatment of craniopharyngiomas may include the following:
Surgery to remove the entire tumor.
Surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by radiation therapy.
7) Explain Germ Cell Tumors?
Treatment of central nervous system germ cell tumors depends on the type of cancer cells, the location of the tumor, whether the cancer can be removed in an operation, and other factors.
8) Explain Meningeal Tumors?
Treatment of meningiomas may include the following:
Surgery with or without radiation therapy.
Radiation therapy for tumors that cannot be removed by surgery.
Treatment of malignant meningioma may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of external radiation therapy plus hyperthermia therapy or new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs and/or biologic therapy following radiation therapy.
9) Explain Pineal Parenchymal Tumors?
Treatment of pineal parenchymal tumors may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of external radiation therapy plus hyperthermia therapy or new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs and biologic therapy following radiation therapy.
10) Explain Medulloblastoma?
Treatment of medulloblastomas may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy to the brain and spine.
A clinical trial of surgery and radiation therapy to the brain and spine for tumors that are more difficult to treat successfully.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy.
11) Explain Ependymal Tumors?
Treatment of grade I and grade II ependymomas is usually surgery with or without radiation therapy.
Treatment of anaplastic ependymoma may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of surgery followed by chemotherapy before, during, and after radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy and/or biologic therapy.
12) Explain Mixed Gliomas?
Treatment of mixed gliomas may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of external radiation therapy plus hyperthermia therapy or new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs or biologic therapy following radiation therapy.
13) Explain about Oligodendroglial Tumors?
Treatment of oligodendrogliomas may include the following:
Surgery, usually with radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of surgery and radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for tumors that cannot be completely removed by surgery.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy using one or more drugs.
Treatment of anaplastic oligodendroglioma may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy using more than one drug.
Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy using more than one drug.
Clinical trials of new treatments.
14) Explain Glioblastoma?
Treatment of glioblastoma may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy placed into the brain during surgery.
A clinical trial of radiation and concurrent chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of external radiation therapy plus hyperthermia therapy or new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs and biologic therapy following radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy and new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
Clinical trials of new treatments.
15) Explain Anaplastic Astrocytomas?
Treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma may include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy.
A clinical trial of external radiation therapy plus hyperthermia therapy or new methods of delivering radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of new anticancer drugs and biologic therapy following radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of chemotherapy combined with different methods of delivering radiation therapy.
16) Tell me why are CT scans performed?
CT scans are performed to analyze the internal structures of various parts of the body. This includes the head, where traumatic injuries, (such as blood clots or skull fractures) , tumors, and infections can be identified. In the spine, the bony structure of the vertebrae can be accurately defined, as can the anatomy of the intervertebral discs and spinal cord. In fact, CT scan methods can be used to accurately measure the density of bone in evaluating osteoporosis.
Occasionally, contrast material (an X-ray dye) is placed into the spinal fluid to further enhance the scan and the various structural relationships of the spine, the spinal cord, and its nerves. Contrast material is also often administered intravenously or through other routes prior to obtaining a CT scan (see below) . CT scans are also used in the chest to identify tumors, cysts, or infections that may be suspected on a chest X-ray. CT scans of the abdomen are extremely helpful in defining body organ anatomy, including visualizing the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, aorta, kidneys, uterus, and ovaries. CT scans in this area are used to verify the presence or absence of tumors, infection, abnormal anatomy, or changes of the body caused by trauma.
17) What is a CT scan?
Computerized (or computed) tomography, and often formerly referred to as computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan, is an X-ray procedure that combines many X-ray images with the aid of a computer to generate cross-sectional views and, if needed, three-dimensional images of the internal organs and structures of the body. Computerized tomography is more commonly known by its abbreviated names, CT scan or CAT scan. A CT scan is used to define normal and abnormal structures in the body and/or assist in procedures by helping to accurately guide the placement of instruments or treatments.
A large donut-shaped X-ray machine or scanner takes X-ray images at many different angles around the body. These images are processed by a computer to produce cross-sectional pictures of the body. In each of these pictures the body is seen as an X-ray “slice” of the body, which is recorded on a film. This recorded image is called a tomogram. “Computerized axial tomography” refers to the recorded tomogram “sections” at different levels of the body.
Imagine the body as a loaf of bread and you are looking at one end of the loaf. As you remove each slice of bread, you can see the entire surface of that slice from the crust to the center. The body is seen on CT scan slices in a similar fashion from the skin to the central part of the body being examined. When these levels are further “added” together, a three-dimensional picture of an organ or abnormal body structure can be obtained.
18) Explain Diffuse Astrocytomas?
Treatment of diffuse astrocytoma may include the following:
Surgery, usually with radiation therapy.
A clinical trial of surgery and radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for tumors that cannot be completely removed by surgery.
A clinical trial of radiation therapy delayed until the tumor progresses.
A clinical trial comparing high-dose and low-dose radiation therapy.
19) What tests are used to find and diagnose adult brain tumors?
Tests that examine the brain and spinal cord are used to detect (find) adult brain tumor. The following tests and procedures may be used:
CT scan (CAT scan) : A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an X-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) : A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of the brain and spinal cord. A substance called gadolinium is injected into the patient through a vein. The gadolinium collects around the cancer cells so they show up brighter in the picture. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) .
Adult brain tumor is diagnosed and removed in surgery. If a brain tumor is suspected, a biopsy is done by removing part of the skull and using a needle to remove a sample of the brain tissue. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells. If cancer cells are found, the doctor will remove as much tumor as safely possible during the same surgery. An MRI may then be done to determine if any cancer cells remain after surgery. Tests are also done to find out the grade of the tumor.
20) What are the symptoms of an adult brain tumor?
A doctor should be seen if the following symptoms appear:
Frequent headaches.
Vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Changes in mood and personality.
Changes in ability to think and learn.
Seizures.
21) What are metastatic brain tumors?
Often, tumors found in the brain have started somewhere else in the body and spread (metastasized) to the brain. These are called metastatic brain tumors.
22) Allopathic interview questions part Two:
Do you have any clinical experience?
Did you work while in college?
Name one quality that you have that will help you as a doctor?
How was your MCAT experience?
If there was one thing you could improve about yourself, what would it be?
Where do you see yourself in 10 years?
Is there anything else you want to tell me?
Do you have any questions for me?
23) Allopathic interview questions part One:
Tell me about your family?
What interests you about becoming a doctor?
When did you first hear about Ross?
What does your family think about becoming a doctor?
What does your family think about going to school in the Caribbean?
Why do you want to go to Ross?
Why didn’t you pursue Nursing instead of Medicine?
How would you describe your academic career?
How would your friends describe you?
Do you have research experience?
24) What is medical assistant?
A medical assistant (MA) is an unlicensed person who assists in the medical practice under the supervision of a physician, physician assistant or nurse practitioner and performs delegated procedures commensurate with the MA’s education and training. An MA does not diagnose, interpret, design or modify established treatment programs or perform any functions that would violate any statute applicable to the practice of medicine. MAs are not licensed nor regulated in Arizona.
25) What is a physician assistant?
A physician assistant (PA) is a person who is licensed to perform healthcare tasks under the supervision of a physician. A physician may delegate a variety of healthcare tasks to a physician assistant such as obtaining patient histories, performing physical evaluations, ordering and performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, formulating a diagnostic impression, developing and implementing a treatment plan, and monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. PAs may also assist in surgery, offer counseling and education to meet patient needs, make appropriate referrals, prescribe controlled substances, perform minor surgery and perform other nonsurgical healthcare tasks. The Arizona Regulatory Board of Physician Assistants licenses and regulates PAs.
26) Explain How is an allopathic physician (MD) different from an osteopathic physician (DO) ?
An allopathic (M.D.) and an osteopathic (D.O.) physician are alike in many ways. Both complete four years of basic medical education, and typically have a four-year undergraduate degree with an emphasis on scientific courses. They may select to practice in a specialty area of medicine after completing a residency program, and must pass comparable state licensing examinations. D.O.’s receive extra training in the musculoskeletal system, the body’s interconnected system of nerves, muscles and bones as osteopathic physicians seek to understand the interrelationship between these systems and the ways an injury or illness in one part of your body affects another. The Arizona Osteopathic Board of Examiners in Medicine and Surgery licenses and regulates osteopathic physicians.
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