41. The fibers carrying information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum–
1. can arise from Clarke's column cells (dorsal nucleus)
2. represent the contralateral body half in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
3. can arise from cells of the external cuneate nucleus
4. are important elements in the conscious sensation of joint position
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is B.
42. The spinal nerve roots–
1. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine
2. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine
3. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine
4. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
43. The intermediolateral gray column–
1. contains preganglionic neurons for the autonomic nervous system
2. is prominent in the thoracic region
3. is prominent in upper lumbar regions
4. is prominent in cervical regions
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is A.
44. Second-order neurons in the dorsal column system–
1. convey information about pain and temperature
2. cross within the lemniscal decussation
3. cross within the pyramidal decussation
4. convey well-localized sensations of fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and
proprioception
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is D.
45. In adults–
1. there is very little myelin in the spinal cord
2. the dorsal columns and lateral columns are heavily myelinated
3. the spinal cord terminates at the level of the S5 vertebrae
4. the spinal cord terminates at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebra
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
46. Large-diameter dorsal root axons of one side of L5 terminate in the–
1. marginal layer of the ipsilateral dorsal horn
2. ipsilateral gracile nucleus
3. ipsilateral cuneate nucleus
4. ipsilateral dorsal nucleus (of Clarke)
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
47. Inhibitory transmitters in the CNS include–
1. glutamate (presynaptic inhibition)
2. GABA (presynaptic inhibition)
3. glutamate (postsynaptic inhibition)
4. GABA (postsynaptic inhibition)
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
48. The dorsal column system of one side of the spinal cord–
1. is essential for normal two-point discrimination on that side
2. arises from both dorsal root ganglion cells and dorsal horn neurons
3. synapses on neurons of the ipsilateral gracile and cuneate nuclei
4. consists primarily of large, myelinated, rapidly conducting axons
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is E.
49. The vagus (X) nerve contains–
1. visceral afferent fibers
2. visceral efferent fibers
3. branchial efferent fibers
4. somatic efferent fibers
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is A.
50. Examination of a patient revealed a drooping left eyelid, together with weakness of adduction and elevation of the left eye, loss of the pupillary light reflex in the left eye, and weakness of the limbs and lower facial muscles on the right side. A single lesion most likely to produce all these signs would be located in the–
A. medial region of the left pontomedullary junction
B. basomedial region of the left cerebral peduncle
C. superior region of the left mesencephalon
D. dorsolateral region of the medulla on the left side
E. periaqueductal gray matter on the left side
The answer is B.
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1. can arise from Clarke's column cells (dorsal nucleus)
2. represent the contralateral body half in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
3. can arise from cells of the external cuneate nucleus
4. are important elements in the conscious sensation of joint position
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is B.
42. The spinal nerve roots–
1. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine
2. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine
3. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine
4. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
43. The intermediolateral gray column–
1. contains preganglionic neurons for the autonomic nervous system
2. is prominent in the thoracic region
3. is prominent in upper lumbar regions
4. is prominent in cervical regions
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is A.
44. Second-order neurons in the dorsal column system–
1. convey information about pain and temperature
2. cross within the lemniscal decussation
3. cross within the pyramidal decussation
4. convey well-localized sensations of fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and
proprioception
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is D.
45. In adults–
1. there is very little myelin in the spinal cord
2. the dorsal columns and lateral columns are heavily myelinated
3. the spinal cord terminates at the level of the S5 vertebrae
4. the spinal cord terminates at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebra
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
46. Large-diameter dorsal root axons of one side of L5 terminate in the–
1. marginal layer of the ipsilateral dorsal horn
2. ipsilateral gracile nucleus
3. ipsilateral cuneate nucleus
4. ipsilateral dorsal nucleus (of Clarke)
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
47. Inhibitory transmitters in the CNS include–
1. glutamate (presynaptic inhibition)
2. GABA (presynaptic inhibition)
3. glutamate (postsynaptic inhibition)
4. GABA (postsynaptic inhibition)
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is C.
48. The dorsal column system of one side of the spinal cord–
1. is essential for normal two-point discrimination on that side
2. arises from both dorsal root ganglion cells and dorsal horn neurons
3. synapses on neurons of the ipsilateral gracile and cuneate nuclei
4. consists primarily of large, myelinated, rapidly conducting axons
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is E.
49. The vagus (X) nerve contains–
1. visceral afferent fibers
2. visceral efferent fibers
3. branchial efferent fibers
4. somatic efferent fibers
One or more answers may be correct. Select–
A. if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. if 1 and 3 are correct
C. if 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
The answer is A.
50. Examination of a patient revealed a drooping left eyelid, together with weakness of adduction and elevation of the left eye, loss of the pupillary light reflex in the left eye, and weakness of the limbs and lower facial muscles on the right side. A single lesion most likely to produce all these signs would be located in the–
A. medial region of the left pontomedullary junction
B. basomedial region of the left cerebral peduncle
C. superior region of the left mesencephalon
D. dorsolateral region of the medulla on the left side
E. periaqueductal gray matter on the left side
The answer is B.
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