11. Which one of the following statements about pituitary tumours is true?
a. Weight loss is a common feature of pituitary failure (hypopituitarism) due to a pituitary tumour.
b. Visual fi eld loss in female patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours (prolactinoma) is usual.
c. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary tumours cause a syndrome of cortisol excess that can lead to exaggerated vertical growth in adolescence.
d. Growth hormone defi ciency is a recognised feature in adult patients presenting with acromegaly due to a pituitary macroadenoma.
e. A low testosterone level is more common than a low thyroxine level in men with non-functioning gonads.
Ans: e
12. Which of the following statements concerning the anterior pituitary is true?
a. It develops in the embryo from a down-growth of the hypothalamus.
b. It secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
c. It is regulated by hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
d. It secretes its hormones into the pituitary portal system.
e. It is down-regulated by low oestrogen levels.
Ans: c
13. Which one of the following statements about the implantation of the human embryo is true?
a. It will occur at any time over a period of about 14 days.
b. It will occur whether or not the zona pellucida is present.
c. It will occur when the cytotrophoblast contacts the endometrial epithelium and begins to invade the maternal tissue.
d. It will occur with the inner cell mass closest to the endometrium.
e. It will occur even if there is only cytotrophoblast present.
Ans: d
14. Which one of the following statements about puberty is true?
a. Puberty is preceded by falling plasma levels of adrenal androgens.
b. The fi rst menstrual period is called the adrenarche.
c. The pubertal growth spurt is the fi rst sign of puberty.
d. Pubic hair growth is stimulated in girls by oestrogen.
e. Spermatogenesis starts at puberty.
Ans: a
15. Which is the most appropriate statement concerning pulmonary embolism?
a. It is now rarely fatal, with the introduction of modern diagnostic tests and treatments.
b. It gives an area of lung which is unventilated on a ventilationperfusion scan.
c. It does not usually show up on a CT pulmonary angiogram.
d. It is likely that the patient has symptoms of deep-vein thrombosis.
e. It may give symptoms similar to pneumonia.
Ans: e
16. One of the following is true. It is recognised that the positive predictive value of initial mammography for breast cancer within the national screening programme in the UK is 16%. This means that:
a. 16% of people who have breast cancer are detected on initial mammography
b. 84% of people without breast cancer have a normal mammogram
c. 16% of initial mammograms are abnormal
d. a patient with an abnormal initial mammogram has a 16% chance of having breast cancer
e. out of every 100 patients with an abnormal mammogram,
Ans: d
17. One of the following is true. Successful fertilisation and subsequent normal embryonic development:
a. require at least two spermatozoa
b. require the retention of the cortical granules in the oocyte
c. are most likely when the oocytes have been ovulated in an immature stage
d. require exclusion of the second polar body
e. often occur when the oocyte has lost its zona pellucida.
Ans: d
18. One of the following is true. The increase in maternal blood volume in pregnancy occurs as a result of:
a. peripheral vasoconstriction
b. a reduction in progesterone
c. decreased synthesis of vasopressin
d. increased aldosterone synthesis
e. reduced renin activity.
Ans: d
19. One of the following is true. Decreased peripheral resistance in pregnancy has been attributed to an increase in synthesis of:
a. angiotensin
b. endothelin
c. nitric oxide
d. renin
e. thromboxane.
Ans: c
20. A 25-year-old woman on liver enzyme inducers is requesting contraceptive advice. The method providing her with the most reliable form of contraception would be:
a. combined oral contraceptive pill
b. Depo-Provera injection
c. diaphragm
d. male condom
e. progesterone-only pill.
Ans: b
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a. Weight loss is a common feature of pituitary failure (hypopituitarism) due to a pituitary tumour.
b. Visual fi eld loss in female patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours (prolactinoma) is usual.
c. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary tumours cause a syndrome of cortisol excess that can lead to exaggerated vertical growth in adolescence.
d. Growth hormone defi ciency is a recognised feature in adult patients presenting with acromegaly due to a pituitary macroadenoma.
e. A low testosterone level is more common than a low thyroxine level in men with non-functioning gonads.
Ans: e
12. Which of the following statements concerning the anterior pituitary is true?
a. It develops in the embryo from a down-growth of the hypothalamus.
b. It secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
c. It is regulated by hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
d. It secretes its hormones into the pituitary portal system.
e. It is down-regulated by low oestrogen levels.
Ans: c
13. Which one of the following statements about the implantation of the human embryo is true?
a. It will occur at any time over a period of about 14 days.
b. It will occur whether or not the zona pellucida is present.
c. It will occur when the cytotrophoblast contacts the endometrial epithelium and begins to invade the maternal tissue.
d. It will occur with the inner cell mass closest to the endometrium.
e. It will occur even if there is only cytotrophoblast present.
Ans: d
14. Which one of the following statements about puberty is true?
a. Puberty is preceded by falling plasma levels of adrenal androgens.
b. The fi rst menstrual period is called the adrenarche.
c. The pubertal growth spurt is the fi rst sign of puberty.
d. Pubic hair growth is stimulated in girls by oestrogen.
e. Spermatogenesis starts at puberty.
Ans: a
15. Which is the most appropriate statement concerning pulmonary embolism?
a. It is now rarely fatal, with the introduction of modern diagnostic tests and treatments.
b. It gives an area of lung which is unventilated on a ventilationperfusion scan.
c. It does not usually show up on a CT pulmonary angiogram.
d. It is likely that the patient has symptoms of deep-vein thrombosis.
e. It may give symptoms similar to pneumonia.
Ans: e
16. One of the following is true. It is recognised that the positive predictive value of initial mammography for breast cancer within the national screening programme in the UK is 16%. This means that:
a. 16% of people who have breast cancer are detected on initial mammography
b. 84% of people without breast cancer have a normal mammogram
c. 16% of initial mammograms are abnormal
d. a patient with an abnormal initial mammogram has a 16% chance of having breast cancer
e. out of every 100 patients with an abnormal mammogram,
Ans: d
17. One of the following is true. Successful fertilisation and subsequent normal embryonic development:
a. require at least two spermatozoa
b. require the retention of the cortical granules in the oocyte
c. are most likely when the oocytes have been ovulated in an immature stage
d. require exclusion of the second polar body
e. often occur when the oocyte has lost its zona pellucida.
Ans: d
18. One of the following is true. The increase in maternal blood volume in pregnancy occurs as a result of:
a. peripheral vasoconstriction
b. a reduction in progesterone
c. decreased synthesis of vasopressin
d. increased aldosterone synthesis
e. reduced renin activity.
Ans: d
19. One of the following is true. Decreased peripheral resistance in pregnancy has been attributed to an increase in synthesis of:
a. angiotensin
b. endothelin
c. nitric oxide
d. renin
e. thromboxane.
Ans: c
20. A 25-year-old woman on liver enzyme inducers is requesting contraceptive advice. The method providing her with the most reliable form of contraception would be:
a. combined oral contraceptive pill
b. Depo-Provera injection
c. diaphragm
d. male condom
e. progesterone-only pill.
Ans: b
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